accelerate

An embedded language for accelerated array processing

https://github.com/AccelerateHS/accelerate/

Version on this page:1.1.1.0
LTS Haskell 11.22:1.1.1.0
Stackage Nightly 2018-03-12:1.1.1.0
Latest on Hackage:1.3.0.0

See all snapshots accelerate appears in

BSD-3-Clause licensed by Manuel M T Chakravarty, Robert Clifton-Everest, Gabriele Keller, Ben Lever, Trevor L. McDonell, Ryan Newtown, Sean Seefried
Maintained by Trevor L. McDonell
This version can be pinned in stack with:accelerate-1.1.1.0@sha256:ddfa440f8ff7ff1962cbe5eea2dac6bcca81fccc1c6959fdf854eb238cfb8d9e,14736

Module documentation for 1.1.1.0

  • Data
    • Data.Array
      • Data.Array.Accelerate
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.AST
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Analysis
          • Data.Array.Accelerate.Analysis.Hash
          • Data.Array.Accelerate.Analysis.Match
          • Data.Array.Accelerate.Analysis.Shape
          • Data.Array.Accelerate.Analysis.Stencil
          • Data.Array.Accelerate.Analysis.Type
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Array
          • Data.Array.Accelerate.Array.Data
          • Data.Array.Accelerate.Array.Remote
            • Data.Array.Accelerate.Array.Remote.Class
            • Data.Array.Accelerate.Array.Remote.LRU
            • Data.Array.Accelerate.Array.Remote.Table
          • Data.Array.Accelerate.Array.Representation
          • Data.Array.Accelerate.Array.Sugar
          • Data.Array.Accelerate.Array.Unique
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Async
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Data
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Debug
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Error
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.FullList
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Interpreter
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Lifetime
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Pretty
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Product
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Smart
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Trafo
        • Data.Array.Accelerate.Type

An Embedded Language for Accelerated Array Computations

Build Status Hackage

Data.Array.Accelerate defines an embedded language of array computations for high-performance computing in Haskell. Computations on multi-dimensional, regular arrays are expressed in the form of parameterised collective operations (such as maps, reductions, and permutations). These computations are online-compiled and executed on a range of architectures.

For more details, see our papers:

There are also slides from some fairly recent presentations:

Chapter 6 of Simon Marlow’s book Parallel and Concurrent Programming in Haskell contains a tutorial introduction to Accelerate.

Trevor’s PhD thesis details the design and implementation of frontend optimisations and CUDA backend.

Table of Contents

A simple example

As a simple example, consider the computation of a dot product of two vectors of single-precision floating-point numbers:

dotp :: Acc (Vector Float) -> Acc (Vector Float) -> Acc (Scalar Float)
dotp xs ys = fold (+) 0 (zipWith (*) xs ys)

Except for the type, this code is almost the same as the corresponding Haskell code on lists of floats. The types indicate that the computation may be online-compiled for performance; for example, using Data.Array.Accelerate.LLVM.PTX.run it may be on-the-fly off-loaded to a GPU.

Availability

Package accelerate is available from

  • Hackage: accelerate - install with cabal install accelerate
  • GitHub: AccelerateHS/accelerate - get the source with git clone https://github.com/AccelerateHS/accelerate.git. The easiest way to compile the source distributions is via the Haskell stack tool.

Additional components

The following supported add-ons are available as separate packages:

Install them from Hackage with cabal install PACKAGENAME.

Documentation

  • Haddock documentation is included and linked with the individual package releases on Hackage.
  • Haddock documentation for in-development components can be found here.
  • The idea behind the HOAS (higher-order abstract syntax) to de-Bruijn conversion used in the library is described separately.

Examples

accelerate-examples

The accelerate-examples package provides a range of computational kernels and a few complete applications. To install these from Hackage, issue cabal install accelerate-examples. The examples include:

  • An implementation of canny edge detection
  • An interactive mandelbrot set generator
  • An N-body simulation of gravitational attraction between solid particles
  • An implementation of the PageRank algorithm
  • A simple ray-tracer
  • A particle based simulation of stable fluid flows
  • A cellular automata simulation
  • A “password recovery” tool, for dictionary lookup of MD5 hashes

Mandelbrot Raytracer

LULESH

LULESH-accelerate is in implementation of the Livermore Unstructured Lagrangian Explicit Shock Hydrodynamics (LULESH) mini-app. LULESH represents a typical hydrodynamics code such as ALE3D, but is a highly simplified application, hard-coded to solve the Sedov blast problem on an unstructured hexahedron mesh.

LULESH mesh

Λ ○ λ (Lol)

Λ ○ λ (Lol) is a general-purpose library for ring-based lattice cryptography. Lol has applications in, for example, symmetric-key somewhat-homomorphic encryption schemes. The lol-accelerate package provides an Accelerate backend for Lol.

Additional examples

Accelerate users have also built some substantial applications of their own. Please feel free to add your own examples!

  • Henning Thielemann, patch-image: Combine a collage of overlapping images
  • apunktbau, bildpunkt: A ray-marching distance field renderer
  • klarh, hasdy: Molecular dynamics in Haskell using Accelerate
  • Alexandros Gremm used Accelerate as part of the 2014 CSCS summer school (code)

Mailing list and contacts

The maintainers of Accelerate are Manuel M T Chakravarty [email protected] and Trevor L McDonell [email protected].

Citing Accelerate

If you use Accelerate for academic research, you are encouraged (though not required) to cite the following papers (BibTeX):

  • Manuel M. T. Chakravarty, Gabriele Keller, Sean Lee, Trevor L. McDonell, and Vinod Grover. Accelerating Haskell Array Codes with Multicore GPUs. In DAMP ’11: Declarative Aspects of Multicore Programming, ACM, 2011.

  • Trevor L. McDonell, Manuel M. T. Chakravarty, Gabriele Keller, and Ben Lippmeier. Optimising Purely Functional GPU Programs. In ICFP ’13: The 18th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming, ACM, 2013.

  • Robert Clifton-Everest, Trevor L. McDonell, Manuel M. T. Chakravarty, and Gabriele Keller. Embedding Foreign Code. In PADL ’14: The 16th International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages, Springer-Verlag, LNCS, 2014.

  • Trevor L. McDonell, Manuel M. T. Chakravarty, Vinod Grover, and Ryan R. Newton. Type-safe Runtime Code Generation: Accelerate to LLVM. In Haskell ’15: The 8th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Haskell, ACM, 2015.

Accelerate is primarily developed by academics, so citations matter a lot to us. As an added benefit, you increase Accelerate’s exposure and potential user (and developer!) base, which is a benefit to all users of Accelerate. Thanks in advance!

What’s missing?

Here is a list of features that are currently missing:

  • Preliminary API (parts of the API may still change in subsequent releases)

Changes

Change Log

Notable changes to the project will be documented in this file.

The format is based on Keep a Changelog and the project adheres to the Haskell Package Versioning Policy (PVP)

1.1.1.0 - 2017-09-26

Changed

  • Improve and colourise the pretty-printer

1.1.0.0 - 2017-09-21

Added

  • Additional EKG monitoring hooks (#340)
  • Operations from RealFloat

Changed

  • Changed type of scanl', scanr' to return an Acc tuple, rather than a tuple of Acc arrays.
  • Specialised folds sum, product, minimum, maximum, and, or, any, all now reduce along the innermost dimension only, rather than reducing all elements. You can recover the old behaviour by first flatten-ing the input array.
  • Add new stencil boundary condition function, to apply the given function to out-of-bounds indices.

Fixed

  • #390: Wrong number of arguments in printf

1.0.0.0 - 2017-03-31

  • Many API and internal changes
  • Bug fixes and other enhancements

0.15.1.0

  • Fix type of allocateArray

0.15.0.0

  • Bug fixes and performance improvements.

0.14.0.0

  • New iteration constructs.
  • Additional Prelude-like functions.
  • Improved code generation and fusion optimisation.
  • Concurrent kernel execution in the CUDA backend.
  • Bug fixes.

0.13.0.0

  • New array fusion optimisation.
  • New foreign function interface for array and scalar expressions.
  • Additional Prelude-like functions.
  • New example programs.
  • Bug fixes and performance improvements.

0.12.0.0

  • Full sharing recovery in scalar expressions and array computations.
  • Two new example applications in package accelerate-examples (both including a graphical frontend):
    • A real-time Canny edge detection
    • An interactive fluid flow simulator
  • Bug fixes.

0.11.0.0

  • New Prelude-like functions zip*, unzip*, fill, enumFrom*, tail, init, drop, take, slit, gather*, scatter*, and shapeSize.
  • New simplified AST (in package accelerate-backend-kit) for backend writers who want to avoid the complexities of the type-safe AST.

0.10.0.0

  • Complete sharing recovery for scalar expressions (but currently disabled by default).
  • Also bug fixes in array sharing recovery and a few new convenience functions.

0.9.0.0

  • Streaming computations
  • Precompilation
  • Repa-style array indices
  • Additional collective operations supported by the CUDA backend: stencils, more scans, rank-polymorphic fold, generate.
  • Conversions to other array formats
  • Bug fixes

0.8.1.0

  • Bug fixes and some performance tweaks.

0.8.0.0

  • More collective operations supported by the CUDA backend: replicate, slice and foldSeg. Frontend and interpreter support for stencil.
  • Bug fixes.

0.7.1.0

  • Initial release of the CUDA backend