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fromAscListWith :: (a -> a -> a) -> [(Key, a)] -> IntMap acontainers Data.IntMap.Internal Build a map from a list of key/value pairs where the keys are in ascending order, with a combining function on equal keys. The precondition (input list is ascending) is not checked.
fromAscListWith (++) [(3,"b"), (5,"a"), (5,"b")] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "ba")]
Also see the performance note on fromListWith.fromAscListWithKey :: (Key -> a -> a -> a) -> [(Key, a)] -> IntMap acontainers Data.IntMap.Internal Build a map from a list of key/value pairs where the keys are in ascending order, with a combining function on equal keys. The precondition (input list is ascending) is not checked.
let f key new_value old_value = (show key) ++ ":" ++ new_value ++ "|" ++ old_value fromAscListWithKey f [(3,"b"), (5,"a"), (5,"b")] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "5:b|a")]
Also see the performance note on fromListWith.fromDistinctAscList :: [(Key, a)] -> IntMap acontainers Data.IntMap.Internal Build a map from a list of key/value pairs where the keys are in ascending order and all distinct. The precondition (input list is strictly ascending) is not checked.
fromDistinctAscList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")]
fromList :: [(Key, a)] -> IntMap acontainers Data.IntMap.Internal Create a map from a list of key/value pairs.
fromList [] == empty fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (5, "c")] == fromList [(5,"c"), (3,"b")] fromList [(5,"c"), (3,"b"), (5, "a")] == fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]
fromListWith :: (a -> a -> a) -> [(Key, a)] -> IntMap acontainers Data.IntMap.Internal Build a map from a list of key/value pairs with a combining function. See also fromAscListWith.
fromListWith (++) [(5,"a"), (5,"b"), (3,"x"), (5,"c")] == fromList [(3, "x"), (5, "cba")] fromListWith (++) [] == empty
Note the reverse ordering of "cba" in the example. The symmetric combining function f is applied in a left-fold over the list, as f new old.Performance
You should ensure that the given f is fast with this order of arguments. Symmetric functions may be slow in one order, and fast in another. For the common case of collecting values of matching keys in a list, as above: The complexity of (++) a b is <math>, so it is fast when given a short list as its first argument. Thus:fromListWith (++) (replicate 1000000 (3, "x")) -- O(n), fast fromListWith (flip (++)) (replicate 1000000 (3, "x")) -- O(n²), extremely slow
because they evaluate as, respectively:fromList [(3, "x" ++ ("x" ++ "xxxxx..xxxxx"))] -- O(n) fromList [(3, ("xxxxx..xxxxx" ++ "x") ++ "x")] -- O(n²)
Thus, to get good performance with an operation like (++) while also preserving the same order as in the input list, reverse the input:fromListWith (++) (reverse [(5,"a"), (5,"b"), (5,"c")]) == fromList [(5, "abc")]
and it is always fast to combine singleton-list values [v] with fromListWith (++), as in:fromListWith (++) $ reverse $ map (\(k, v) -> (k, [v])) someListOfTuples
fromListWithKey :: (Key -> a -> a -> a) -> [(Key, a)] -> IntMap acontainers Data.IntMap.Internal Build a map from a list of key/value pairs with a combining function. See also fromAscListWithKey'.
let f key new_value old_value = show key ++ ":" ++ new_value ++ "|" ++ old_value fromListWithKey f [(5,"a"), (5,"b"), (3,"b"), (3,"a"), (5,"c")] == fromList [(3, "3:a|b"), (5, "5:c|5:b|a")] fromListWithKey f [] == empty
Also see the performance note on fromListWith.toAscList :: IntMap a -> [(Key, a)]containers Data.IntMap.Internal Convert the map to a list of key/value pairs where the keys are in ascending order. Subject to list fusion.
toAscList (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == [(3,"b"), (5,"a")]
toDescList :: IntMap a -> [(Key, a)]containers Data.IntMap.Internal Convert the map to a list of key/value pairs where the keys are in descending order. Subject to list fusion.
toDescList (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]
toList :: IntMap a -> [(Key, a)]containers Data.IntMap.Internal Convert the map to a list of key/value pairs. Subject to list fusion.
toList (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == [(3,"b"), (5,"a")] toList empty == []
fromAscList :: [(Key, a)] -> IntMap acontainers Data.IntMap.Lazy Build a map from a list of key/value pairs where the keys are in ascending order.
fromAscList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")] fromAscList [(3,"b"), (5,"a"), (5,"b")] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "b")]