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1. class Semigroup a => Monoid a

   base	Prelude

   The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following:

   • Right identity x <> mempty = x
   • Left identity mempty <> x = x
   • Associativity x <> (y <> z) = (x <> y) <> z (Semigroup law)
   • Concatenation mconcat = foldr (<>) mempty
   You can alternatively define mconcat instead of mempty, in which case the laws are:
   • Unit mconcat (pure x) = x
   • Multiplication mconcat (join xss) = mconcat (fmap mconcat xss)
   • Subclass mconcat (toList xs) = sconcat xs
   The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances. Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product. NOTE: Semigroup is a superclass of Monoid since base-4.11.0.0.

2. module Data.Monoid

   A type a is a Monoid if it provides an associative function (<>) that lets you combine any two values of type a into one, and a neutral element (mempty) such that

   a <> mempty == mempty <> a == a
   

   A Monoid is a Semigroup with the added requirement of a neutral element. Thus any Monoid is a Semigroup, but not the other way around.

   Examples

   The Sum monoid is defined by the numerical addition operator and `0` as neutral element:

   >>> mempty :: Sum Int
   Sum {getSum = 0}
   
   >>> Sum 1 <> Sum 2 <> Sum 3 <> Sum 4 :: Sum Int
   Sum {getSum = 10}
   

   We can combine multiple values in a list into a single value using the mconcat function. Note that we have to specify the type here since Int is a monoid under several different operations:

   >>> mconcat [1,2,3,4] :: Sum Int
   Sum {getSum = 10}
   
   >>> mconcat [] :: Sum Int
   Sum {getSum = 0}
   

   Another valid monoid instance of Int is Product It is defined by multiplication and `1` as neutral element:

   >>> Product 1 <> Product 2 <> Product 3 <> Product 4 :: Product Int
   Product {getProduct = 24}
   
   >>> mconcat [1,2,3,4] :: Product Int
   Product {getProduct = 24}
   
   >>> mconcat [] :: Product Int
   Product {getProduct = 1}
   

3. class Semigroup a => Monoid a

   base	Data.Monoid

   The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following:

   • Right identity x <> mempty = x
   • Left identity mempty <> x = x
   • Associativity x <> (y <> z) = (x <> y) <> z (Semigroup law)
   • Concatenation mconcat = foldr (<>) mempty
   You can alternatively define mconcat instead of mempty, in which case the laws are:
   • Unit mconcat (pure x) = x
   • Multiplication mconcat (join xss) = mconcat (fmap mconcat xss)
   • Subclass mconcat (toList xs) = sconcat xs
   The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances. Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product. NOTE: Semigroup is a superclass of Monoid since base-4.11.0.0.

4. class Semigroup a => Monoid a

   base	GHC.Base

   The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following:

   • Right identity x <> mempty = x
   • Left identity mempty <> x = x
   • Associativity x <> (y <> z) = (x <> y) <> z (Semigroup law)
   • Concatenation mconcat = foldr (<>) mempty
   You can alternatively define mconcat instead of mempty, in which case the laws are:
   • Unit mconcat (pure x) = x
   • Multiplication mconcat (join xss) = mconcat (fmap mconcat xss)
   • Subclass mconcat (toList xs) = sconcat xs
   The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances. Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product. NOTE: Semigroup is a superclass of Monoid since base-4.11.0.0.

5. class Semigroup a => Monoid a

   amazonka-core	Amazonka.Prelude

   The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following:

   • Right identity x <> mempty = x
   • Left identity mempty <> x = x
   • Associativity x <> (y <> z) = (x <> y) <> z (Semigroup law)
   • Concatenation mconcat = foldr (<>) mempty
   You can alternatively define mconcat instead of mempty, in which case the laws are:
   • Unit mconcat (pure x) = x
   • Multiplication mconcat (join xss) = mconcat (fmap mconcat xss)
   • Subclass mconcat (toList xs) = sconcat xs
   The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances. Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product. NOTE: Semigroup is a superclass of Monoid since base-4.11.0.0.

6. class Semigroup a => Monoid a

   base-compat	Data.Monoid.Compat

   The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following:

   • Right identity x <> mempty = x
   • Left identity mempty <> x = x
   • Associativity x <> (y <> z) = (x <> y) <> z (Semigroup law)
   • Concatenation mconcat = foldr (<>) mempty
   You can alternatively define mconcat instead of mempty, in which case the laws are:
   • Unit mconcat (pure x) = x
   • Multiplication mconcat (join xss) = mconcat (fmap mconcat xss)
   • Subclass mconcat (toList xs) = sconcat xs
   The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances. Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product. NOTE: Semigroup is a superclass of Monoid since base-4.11.0.0.

7. class Semigroup a => Monoid a

   hedgehog	Hedgehog.Internal.Prelude

   The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following:

   • Right identity x <> mempty = x
   • Left identity mempty <> x = x
   • Associativity x <> (y <> z) = (x <> y) <> z (Semigroup law)
   • Concatenation mconcat = foldr (<>) mempty
   You can alternatively define mconcat instead of mempty, in which case the laws are:
   • Unit mconcat (pure x) = x
   • Multiplication mconcat (join xss) = mconcat (fmap mconcat xss)
   • Subclass mconcat (toList xs) = sconcat xs
   The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances. Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product. NOTE: Semigroup is a superclass of Monoid since base-4.11.0.0.

8. class Semigroup a => Monoid a

   validity	Data.Validity

   The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following:

   • Right identity x <> mempty = x
   • Left identity mempty <> x = x
   • Associativity x <> (y <> z) = (x <> y) <> z (Semigroup law)
   • Concatenation mconcat = foldr (<>) mempty
   You can alternatively define mconcat instead of mempty, in which case the laws are:
   • Unit mconcat (pure x) = x
   • Multiplication mconcat (join xss) = mconcat (fmap mconcat xss)
   • Subclass mconcat (toList xs) = sconcat xs
   The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances. Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product. NOTE: Semigroup is a superclass of Monoid since base-4.11.0.0.

9. class Semigroup a => Monoid a

   ghc	GHC.Prelude.Basic

   The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following:

   • Right identity x <> mempty = x
   • Left identity mempty <> x = x
   • Associativity x <> (y <> z) = (x <> y) <> z (Semigroup law)
   • Concatenation mconcat = foldr (<>) mempty
   You can alternatively define mconcat instead of mempty, in which case the laws are:
   • Unit mconcat (pure x) = x
   • Multiplication mconcat (join xss) = mconcat (fmap mconcat xss)
   • Subclass mconcat (toList xs) = sconcat xs
   The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances. Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product. NOTE: Semigroup is a superclass of Monoid since base-4.11.0.0.

10. module Data.Monoid

    No documentation available.

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