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LicenseRef-LGPL licensed and maintained by Maxwell Sayles
Binary indexed trees are a data structure on indexes
1 through n. They allow you to compute the sum
of all values at indexes 1 through i in O(logn) and to
increase the value at index i in O(logn).
This implements binary indexed trees, both
as an immutable data structure in pure code
and as a mutable data structure using the ST Monad.
Both the immutable and mutable version have the
same runtime complexity, but the mutable version
has a smaller constant.