text

An efficient packed Unicode text type.

Version on this page:	1.2.0.4@rev:1
LTS Haskell 23.21:	2.1.1
Stackage Nightly 2025-05-03:	2.1.1
Latest on Hackage:	2.1.2@rev:1

See all snapshots text appears in

BSD-3-Clause licensed and maintained by Bryan O'Sullivan

This version can be pinned in stack with:text-1.2.0.4@sha256:ee605e146a984f0f9ea30b9e8d92a93a765f1bcc1fa6b6d23e0487fc3f210f0b,5431

Module documentation for 1.2.0.4

Data
- Data.Text
  - Data.Text.Array
  - Data.Text.Encoding
    - Data.Text.Encoding.Error
  - Data.Text.Foreign
  - Data.Text.IO
  - Data.Text.Internal
    - Data.Text.Internal.Builder
      - Data.Text.Internal.Builder.Functions
      - Data.Text.Internal.Builder.Int
        Data.Text.Internal.Builder.Int.Digits
      - Data.Text.Internal.Builder.RealFloat
        Data.Text.Internal.Builder.RealFloat.Functions
    - Data.Text.Internal.Encoding
    - Data.Text.Internal.Functions
    - Data.Text.Internal.Fusion
    - Data.Text.Internal.IO
    - Data.Text.Internal.Lazy
      - Data.Text.Internal.Lazy.Encoding
        Data.Text.Internal.Lazy.Encoding.Fusion
      - Data.Text.Internal.Lazy.Fusion
      - Data.Text.Internal.Lazy.Search
    - Data.Text.Internal.Private
    - Data.Text.Internal.Read
    - Data.Text.Internal.Search
    - Data.Text.Internal.Unsafe
      - Data.Text.Internal.Unsafe.Char
      - Data.Text.Internal.Unsafe.Shift
  - Data.Text.Lazy
  - Data.Text.Read
  - Data.Text.Unsafe

Depends on 6 packages(full list with versions):

array, base, bytestring, deepseq, ghc-prim, integer-gmp

Used by 230 packages in lts-1.13(full list with versions):

ace, aeson, aeson-pretty, aeson-qq, aeson-utils, amqp, asn1-data, asn1-parse, atto-lisp, attoparsec, attoparsec-enumerator, authenticate, aws, bake, barecheck, basic-prelude, biophd, blaze-builder, blaze-html, blaze-markup, blaze-textual, bloodhound, bson, bytes, cabal-src, cairo, case-insensitive, cases, cassava, Chart-diagrams, chell, chunked-data, classy-prelude, conduit-combinators, conduit-extra, configurator, convertible, cookie, courier, criterion, and many more

Text: Fast, packed Unicode strings, using stream fusion

This package provides the Data.Text library, a library for the space- and time-efficient manipulation of Unicode text in Haskell.

Normalization, conversion, and collation, oh my!

This library intentionally provides a simple API based on the Haskell prelude’s list manipulation functions. For more complicated real-world tasks, such as Unicode normalization, conversion to and from a larger variety of encodings, and collation, use the text-icu package.

That library uses the well-respected and liberally licensed ICU library to provide these facilities.

Get involved!

Please report bugs via the github issue tracker.

Master git repository:

git clone git://github.com/bos/text.git

There’s also a Mercurial mirror:

hg clone https://bitbucket.org/bos/text

(You can create and contribute changes using either Mercurial or git.)

Authors

The base code for this library was originally written by Tom Harper, based on the stream fusion framework developed by Roman Leshchinskiy, Duncan Coutts, and Don Stewart.

The core library was fleshed out, debugged, and tested by Bryan O’Sullivan [email protected], and he is the current maintainer.

Changes

1.2.0.3

Update formatRealFloat to correspond to the definition in versions of base newer than 4.5 (https://github.com/bos/text/issues/105)

1.2.0.2

Bumped lower bound on deepseq to 1.4 for compatibility with the upcoming GHC 7.10

1.2.0.1

Fixed a buffer overflow in rendering of large Integers (https://github.com/bos/text/issues/99)

1.2.0.0

Fixed an integer overflow in the replace function (https://github.com/bos/text/issues/81)
Fixed a hang in lazy decodeUtf8With (https://github.com/bos/text/issues/87)
Reduced codegen bloat caused by use of empty and single-character literals
Added an instance of IsList for GHC 7.8 and above

1.1.1.0

The Data.Data instance now allows gunfold to work, via a virtual pack constructor
dropEnd, takeEnd: new functions
Comparing the length of a Text against a number can now short-circuit in more cases

1.1.0.1

streamDecodeUtf8: fixed gh-70, did not return all unconsumed bytes in single-byte chunks

1.1.0.0

encodeUtf8: Performance is improved by up to 4x.
encodeUtf8Builder, encodeUtf8BuilderEscaped: new functions, available only if bytestring >= 0.10.4.0 is installed, that allow very fast and flexible encoding of a Text value to a bytestring Builder.

As an example of the performance gain to be had, the encodeUtf8BuilderEscaped function helps to double the speed of JSON encoding in the latest version of aeson! (Note: if all you need is a plain ByteString, encodeUtf8 is still the faster way to go.)
All of the internal module hierarchy is now publicly exposed. If a module is in the .Internal hierarchy, or is documented as internal, use at your own risk - there are no API stability guarantees for internal modules!

1.0.0.1

decodeUtf8: Fixed a regression that caused us to incorrectly identify truncated UTF-8 as valid (gh-61)

1.0.0.0

Added support for Unicode 6.3.0 to case conversion functions
New function toTitle converts words in a string to title case
New functions peekCStringLen and withCStringLen simplify interoperability with C functionns
Added support for decoding UTF-8 in stream-friendly fashion
Fixed a bug in mapAccumL
Added trusted Haskell support
Removed support for GHC 6.10 (released in 2008) and older